The Development of Health Care and Health Officer’s Databases at Buton District Health Office
Abstract
Rasdiyanti, Hari Kusnanto, Anis Fuad
Background: The development of information system is aimed to support the availability of data and information for health management team, administrator and health services, and the development of comprehensive information networking. The distribution of health services is supported by accessibility its structure and infrastructure which become the main factor in improving the access of the society to the health services. The insufficient of health care and the lack of health staff office are the barrier in the accomplishment of the health care development in Buton, especially in the remote area.
Objectives: The research was aimed to identify and to develop computerized health care and health staff office’s databases in order to avoid redundancy and fragmentation data at Buton District Health Office.
Methods: The research used qualitative research with action research approach. The collaboration between researcher and respondent is needed to develop health care and health staff office databases according to the user necessity and aspiration. Data and information is gained by observation, document interpretation, and in-deep interview.
Results: The development of this databases had resulted 93 tables/entities which consist of 26 data tables, 37 subset tables, 1 join table and 29 validation tables. The implementation of databases structure simply utilized MySQL databases to know the completeness and accuracy of data, and the rapidity of acquired information, and also easiness for data input and data access.
Conclusion: The user expected that the implementation of MySQL databases will support the examination, formulation, and policy decision, help to improve the health officer services, support the program planning and support the availability of data collection of health care and health staff officer.
Key words: databases, user, MySQL, health, services
Development Of Geographic Information System For Immunization Local Area Monitoring (LAM) In Palangka Raya City
Abstract
Lilyk Rakhmawaty, Hari Kusnanto, Anis Fuad
Background: Nowadays, the usage of Geographic Information System (GIS) has been shown improvement rapidly in various sectors, including health sector. GIS has features to present spatial and non-spatial information simultaneously. GIS also can be used to monitor the realization of immunization program. As the immunization program manager, Palangka Raya Health Office has not used the GIS yet in running the immunization program. Analysis was done through Local Area Monitoring (LAM) modestly. It is important to monitor the service coverage area and its effects so that it can detect quickly high risk areas for diseases which can be prevented by immunization (PD3I). Hopefully, GIS application for can help monitoring of immunization LAM program.
Objectives: It aimed to develop spatial-based information system for Immunization LAM in Palangka Raya which included need assessment, system design and its utilization.
Methods: It was a descriptive – qualitative with action research method. The subject included 3 managers, 3 program managers at the health office, and 2 immunization program executors at health centers. The data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and literature review.
Results: Development of the GIS-based Immunization LAM resulted coverage area maps for all antigen, distribution of PD3I diseases and stratification of tetanus nenonatorum. The system also can provide information about program’s problem for anticipation immediately.
Conclusion: The spatial-based immunization LAM Information System was useful for program efficiency and effectively since it could minimize the working time and delivered the required information by manager. To maintain the information on immunization quality, the system supposed to be developed from individual analysis unit.
Keywords: Geographic Information System, Immunization LAM, Development
The Implementation of Epi Info v3.4 in Supporting the Data Management of Patients’ Visits to the Health Centers at Donggala District, Central of Sulawesi
Abstract
Sugeng Wiyana, Lutfan Lazuardi, Anis Fuad
Background: The utilization of computer technology can improve the quality and use of information. Health centers in Donggala District need computer application which was easy to use, simple, and reliable for data management of patients’ visits. Epi Info v3.4 version can be used for data entry, data processing and analyzing, also producing the output of tables, graphs, and maps simply and easily.
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the implementation of Epi Info v3.4 in supporting the data management of patients’ visits to the local government clinics. The examination concerned on the level of easiness to use, the output quality, data accuracy, the process and analyses acceleration, also the data and information completeness.
Methods: This was a qualitative-exploratory study by using action research approach toward the implementation of Epi Info v3.4 at the health centers. There were seven selected health centers which would be applied the Epi Info v3.4 in their data management of patients’ visits. The procedures were need identification, implementation, evaluation and learning.
Results: Design of computerized patients’ visits data, applied on Epi Info v3.4, referred to the registry book which had been used as the documentation media. The exploration to the registry book resulted that it needed several related variables to patient’s data. In the implementation stage, Epi Info v3.4 was applied for data processing and analyzing of patients’ visit, included data searching, patients’ call rate calculation based on the desired variables, cross tabulation making, and data presentation on tables, graphs, and maps. Regarding to the evaluation results, most of the respondents stated that Epi Info v3.4 was easy to use; its outputs quality was good and suitable with their needs. The level of accuracy, completeness, and timeliness showed good results. The implementation of Epi Info v3.4 at the health centers resulted good alteration to the previous system and it indicated the collaboration between the researcher and participants lead to the good improvement.
Conclusion: The implementation of Epi Info v3.4 could provide the local government clinics’ need to the patients’ visits data management. By using the Epi Info v3.4, local government clinics could process, analyze, and present the data easily, accurately, completely, and timely.
Keywords: The Epi Info v3.4, data management, health centers’ patients visit.
Website Development at Province Health Office of Central Sulawesi
Abstract
Chandra, Anis Fuad, Hariyanto
Background: By the recent technology development, everybody can develop a website easily. Nevertheless, there are some challenges on it; how to present information continuously, how to take the stakeholders involvement, and how to maintain information suitability. This study would explore the actual process of a website development at Province Health Office of Central Sulawesi in which the users took participation in its development.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the stakeholder’s needs, Province Health Office of Central Sulawesi, toward the website relating to its content, form, design, also the development procedure.
Methods: It was an action research in making the Province Health Office of Central Sulawesi’s website prototype. There were 14 participants included internal and external stakeholders who had importance to the existence of the website. The collected data derived from observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion, then, they were analyzed qualitatively.
Results: Development of this website was started with stakeholders’ need identification. They needed the information about the office’s activities. After that, it was continued with the design process, the website implementation, and the evaluation. The evaluated factors were usability, easiness, and completeness of the website. The study was ended by the learning process to find out the users’ opinions about the website’s development process.
Conclusion: The action research method was suitable for the website development. Its contents and design were based on the users’ needs. The process of designing and development consisted of needs identification, design process, implementation of the website, evaluation, and learning process. In order the information were managed continuously, organization support should be improved, especially in cross-program cooperation and management’s knowledge improvement.
Keywords: website, development, Province Health Office of Central Sulawesi
Prototyping Management Information System of Government Institution’s Performance Accountability Report at Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office
Abstract
Sugiharto, Berty Murtiningsih, Anis Fuad
Background: Improvement to the governmental institutions’ accountability and responsibility to public is highly desirable as the realization of good governance. Decentralization makes local government institutions, including health offices, implementing local autonomous and working-based budget. Yogyakarta Provincial Health office has tried to set up a reporting system, nevertheless there were some problems related to the accuracy, and timeliness of the results. Thus, it is important to develop a prototype of management information system to present a well organized government institution‘s performance accountability report in Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office.
Objective: Developing a prototype of management information system of government institution’s performance accountability report and evaluating its design appropriateness for the Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office.
Methods: A qualitative study was held to describe each step in developing the prototype by using action research approach. 26 staf of Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office were included in this study which consisted of Head Division of Program Maintenance, Head Section of Monitoring and Evaluation, and editorial staff of the government institution‘s performance accountability report.
Results: The user and stakeholders needed a software which provide format of the government institution’s performance accountability report. Considering to the user needs, a software prototype was built and implemented in the Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office. Since it has been implemented, the report making process could be faster for 25% than before.Most of the users felt that this implementation delivered benefit in term of time efficiency.
Conclusion: The implementation of new software was effective to solve the existed problems in making the government institution’s performance accountability report. The making process spent less time than before using the software. In addition, it would affect to the improvement of report’s accuracy and timeliness.
Keywords: Prototype, management information system, the government institution’s performance accountability report, Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office.
Developing an Information System of Mother and Child Health Program at Tanjung Balai Municipality Health Office, North Sumatera
Abstract
Dwi Rahmi Zaki , Hari Kusnanto
Background:The objective of mother and child health program is to improve heath status of mother and child optimally. This objective could be supprted by the data and information availability which supported planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the provided health services. Sometimes, this mother and child health program has not been supported with a good information system for data recording, processing, and analysis. It also happened at Tanjung Balai Municipality Health Office.
Objective: Identifying the existed information system and developing a computer-based information system to ease process of data recording, processing, and analysis of mother and children health program at Tanjung Balai Municipality Health Office.
Methods: This was a qualitative study with action research approach. Information and data were gathered by observation, document review, and in-depth interview. The subject were 5 persons, consisted of the health office head, head division of public health maintenance, head section of family health, and 2 staff of mother and child health program.
Results: Prototype of mother and child health information system were developed based on the user needs of mother and child health reporting format, and facilities to make graphics and data analysis. Since the new system implementation, the reports availability could be more timely, accurate, and relevant.
Conclusion: Development of this information system at Tanjung Balai health Office delivered improvement to the efficiency of operational program. Mother and Child Health report could be presented more timely and accurate. In addition, the new system’s outputs were more qualified that the previous outputs with manual system.
Keywords: mother and child health, prototype, information system
Spatial Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidences in South Palu Sub District, Palu District.
Abstract
Oslan Daud , Hartono , Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto
Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is now endemic in most tropical countries. In Indonesia, the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) epidemic has become a major public health concern. By the time, number of DHF cases tends to increase significantly and the endemic area is wider. During the 2004 until 2006, the case fatality rates of DHF were 10/210, 12/627, and 5/334 respectively. In the first trimester of 2007, the number of DHF outbreak had reached 334 cases and 2 deaths were reported.
Objective: This study aimed to map the epidemic distribution of DHF cases at South Palu Sub district during the year of 2004 – 2006 in the basis of human, spatial, and temporal characteristics.
Methods: An analytical descriptive survey with cross sectional approach was used to obtain the description of DHF spatial distribution in South Palu Sub District during 2004 – 2006. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to identify the coordinate points of patients’ residential. The collected data were analyzed and presented on tables, graphics, and map.
Results: Most of DHF patients were men (52.48%); patients’ age were above 15 years old (46.60%); the highest endemic area was South Lolu village (15.41%), and the highest incidence periods were during May until September. Nine clusters of DHF cases concentrated on North Taturu and Tanamodindi villages. In addition, the DHF cases in South Palu Sub District related to density (p=0.004), air temperature (25.3ºC – 28.1ºC), air humidity (71.3% - 79.7%), and Wiggler Free Rate (WFR) (p=0.462).
Conclusion: Men had higher risk of DHF than women because of their higher mobile activities and the most of DHF patients were in school aged; South Lolu village had high density and mobilization; and the occurrence of DHF increased in rainy season during April – October. There were clustering of DHF cases in North Tatura and Tanamodindi village. Density and DHF had a significant relationship (p = 0.004), whereas, air temperature and humidity supported the mosquito growth. Last, the WFR did not relate to DHF cases significantly.
Keywords: DHF cases, epidemiology characteristics, spatial distribution, GIS, South Palu.
Spatial Analysis of Clean and Healthy Behaviors as the Diarrhea Risk Factors at Sangir Subdistrict, South Solok in the Year Of 2007
Abstract
Vera Elfiatri , Hari Kusnanto , Lutfan Lazuardi
Background: Diarrhea prevalence rate in Sangir Subdistrict, South Solok reached to 1092 cases in 2007. This problem aroused the researcher’s concern to observe several aspects which influenced the diarrhea prevalence. There were several aspects of clean and healthy behaviors would be examined, such as the use of family toilet and clean water, garbage dumping, and. This model would deliver a spatial model which determined area susceptibility to diarrhea at Sangir Subdistrict.
Objective: This study aimed to find out the advantage of spatial modeling in determining area susceptibility level to diarrhea and finding out the relationship between diarrhea prevalence and the use of family toilet and clean water, garbage dumping, also hand washing habit. It also aimed to find out the advantage of spatial information in improving diarrhea control management at high prevalence area.
Methods: This study was an analytical study by using case control design method. The sample was 132 diarrhea cases in Sangir Subdistrict. It was determined by using purposive area random sampling from several villages in Sangir. The data were analyzed by using software of GeoDa and SaTScan.
Results: The relationship between the use of family toilet and diarrhea cases was z = -4.820, p = 0.001 (p < 0.05); the relationship between the use of clean water and diarrhea cases was z = 2.811, p = 0.0049 (p < 0.05); the relationship between garbage dumping and diarrhea cases was z = 0.599, p = 0.549 (p > 0.05); the relationship between hand washing habit and diarrhea cases was z = 0.393, p = 0.694 (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: (a) Diarrhea cases at Sangir were related to the use of family toilet p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), (b) Diarrhea cases at Sangir were related to the use of clean water p = 0.0049 (p < 0.05), (c) Diarrhea cases at Sangir were not related to the garbage dumping p = 0.549 (p > 0.05), (d) Diarrhea cases at Sangir were not related to hand washing habit p = 0.694 (p > 0.05), (e) The diarrhea cases occured at 17 villages at Sangir; the highest cases rate was 14.39 % at Sampu village and followed by 11.36% at Bariang village, (f) There was clustering of diarrhea cases in Sangir significantly. Clustering of diarrhea cases was related to the clean and healthy behaviors such as the use of family toilet and clean water, garbage dumping, and hand washing habit.
Keywords: Spatial analysis, clean and healthy behavior, diarrhea risk factors
Development of SMS-Based of Outbreak Local Monitoring System at Banjar District Health Office, Province of South Borneo in the Year of 2008
Abstract
Maulidin Noor, Hari Purnomo, Anis Fuad
Background:Infectious disease outbreaks have become a public health concern in Indonesia. Furthermore, disease outbreaks arouse the increasing of national morbidity and mortality rates, also bring the impacts to social, economic, and tourism sectors. As the early awareness to diseases, health centers apply a surveillance reporting system including reporting format for local monitoring system to the outbreaks. Nevertheless, the implementation of the system in several districts found some barriers which affect to quality of the outputs. In Banjar District, one of districts in South Borneo Province which has 288 villages, 16 sub districts, and 23 health centers, the report delivery from health centers was not timely occasionally. Thus, this problem affected to the reports’ accuracy and completeness.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the solution in order the local area monitoring report of disease outbreaks was accurate and timely so that it could be used for early awareness system of disease outbreak.
Methods: This was a descriptive-qualitative study. The analysis unit consisted of health center surveillance program officer, district epidemiology officer, head division of Infectious Disease Eradication, and Program Manager of surveillance. The data were collected through document review, observation, and interview. An action research procedure was used to analyze the data qualitatively.
Results: The study found that the manual reporting system in health centers was the cause of problems related to the reports’ accuracy and timeliness in delivering to District Health Office.
Conclusion: The SMS-based reporting system was considered able to improve the report’s quality, timeliness and completeness, cost efficiency, and to guarantee the data security. In addition, this system was also easy to use by the users in health centers as well as in the district health office.
Keywords: outbreak, local monitoring system, quick reporting, SMS
Observation toward the Balikpapan Health Office’s Website Management and Utilization At the Year of 2007
Abstract
Solihin, Hari Kusnanto, Lutfan Lazuardi
Background: The obligation for propagating information to the society is one of government tasks as the first step in e-government service level. In responding the challenges of e-government development and implementation of public health information sharing, Balikpapan government has launched a website in the beginning of 2007. The success of the website launching depended on how it was managed and utilized.
Objective: This study aimed to find out the organization and utilization of the website of dkk-bpp.com by the management staff and internal users.
Methods: This was a case study with qualitative and quantitative approach. The results were presented descriptively. The subjects were web administrator, management staff of the Health Office, management staff of the local government clinics, and users from the Health Office and local government clinics. The data were gathered through observation toward the website of dkk-bpp.com, in-depth interview, questionnaires and check list about the website quality, and secondary data collection related to the website development.
Results: This study reported that the website was built spontaneouslly (without any plans before) by the web designer nevertheless there were no brief description of its objective and organizational structure of the website management. Moreover, the participants felt that they were lack of support from the management team. Management staff and internal users in Balikpapan Health Office felt that its quality was good enough as well as its information quality. Otherwise, they did not utilize it maximally.
Conclusion: Information system development, including the website as the media of information sharing, were done by the information technology people so that the quality of website and information was relatively good. Nevertheless, if it was not supported by the good management, it would not be utilized maximally.
Keywords: website, information sharing, management, user, utilization.